Sea Level Rise: American Samoa: Extreme High-Tide Flooding: 2030 Low Scenario: 1 Day Per Year
This extreme high-tide flooding layer provides a prediction of future sea level rise (SLR) inundation and was produced using a passive flooding model, often referred to as a "bathtub" model. It provides an assessment of flooded areas according to a specific water level. These water levels are determined using projections from the U.S. Interagency Task Force (ITF) (Sweet et al., 2022) in combination with land subsidence projections modeled by Han et al. (2019). The latter is included only for Tutuila, Aunuu, and Manua Islands (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau). In contrast, SLR projections for Swains Island and Rose Atoll only include the climate-related processes (ITF). The projections are modeled following both scenarios and time. The five scenarios range from low to high depending on the amount of greenhouse gases emissions, while time is divided by decade from 2030 to 2100. We apply this model to the 2022 National Geodetic Survey (NGS) lidar DEM for American Samoa with 1-meter resolution. The DEM was leveled from NAD83 (PA11) to mean sea level at 0 m (MSL=0) in 2005. The adjustment of the DEM may lead to inaccuracies due to the lack of historic information. It is also important to acknowledge that any inaccuracies in the DEM will lead to inaccuracies in the flooding estimates. When assessing the impacts of future sea level rise, it is important to consider how often flood conditions will occur in a given year. A low-lying location will begin to see impacts of being flooded a few times per year. Then, as sea level rise increases, it will flood tens of times per year. Eventually, that location may be flooded under a daily high tide. The present scenario models a frequency of one flooding day per year, a good indicator of the flooding extent and depth during the most extreme "King Tide" annually. Please note that this frequency represents an average number of times per year (Thompson et al., 2021). Any particular year may have substantially more or less flooding days depending on local climate variability (such as the El Nino, La Nina cycle) and year-to-year variability in the tides due to changes in the alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Secondly, flooding frequencies are based on data from the Pago Pago tide gauge on Tutuila, which means that estimates may not perfectly represent local conditions outside the harbor or on other islands. However, this is the best source of information available, and we do not expect this to lead to significant inaccuracies in the estimates of flooding frequency. In the 2030 low scenario represented here, the modeled water level for a 1-day frequency is 118 cm (91 cm for Rose and Swains). In this scenario, significant world-wide emissions reductions are implemented now, which is highly unlikely. It is not recommended to use this scenario for planning purposes. Flood depth is provided in centimeters above the 2005 mean higher high water (MHHW) tide level. It is essential to emphasize that the passive flooding model used to produce this data layer does not include the effects of waves on flooding. As a result, the extent and impacts of future flooding under high-wave conditions are not represented, which should be accounted for in planning efforts. In addition, the DEM is assumed to be unchanged as sea level rises, but in fact there will be erosion and changes in the shape of the land surface, and continued subsidence. This also must be considered, and it is best practice to consider any flooding extent or depth represented in this data layer as a best-case scenario, with the effects of dynamic shoreline processes leading to greater flood extent and depth than presented.
Data and Resources
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OGC-WFS
WFS
Open Geospatial Consortium Web Feature Service (WFS). Supported WFS versions...
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OGC-WMS
WMS
Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS). Supported WMS versions...
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GeoServer
This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, which offers multiple...
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GeoExplorer
This URL provides a viewer for this dataset.
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PacIOOS: American Samoa Sea Level Rise Viewer
This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this dataset.
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Related URL
NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS). 2022. NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar DEM of...
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Related URL
NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS). 2022. NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar DEM of...
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Related URL
NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS). 2022. NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar DEM of...
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Related URL
NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS). 2022. NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar DEM of...
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Related URL
NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS). 2022. NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar DEM of...
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Unnamed resource
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OGC-WMS-C
WMS
Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service - Cached (WMS-C). Use of WMS-C is...
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ISO-19139 (Local) Metadata
The XML content as stored locally by CKAN
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ISO-19139 (IOOS Registry)
The XML content as published by the IOOS Registry
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Online Access |
OGC:WFS (OGC Web Feature Service) These data are available for access with an OGC WFS compatible client OGC:WMS (OGC Web Map Service) These data are available for access with an OGC WMS compatible client
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Distributor | University of Hawaii at Manoa |
Point of Contact |
Carla Baizeau University of Hawaii at Manoa cbaizeau@hawaii.edu Online Resource |
Originator |
Carla Baizeau University of Hawaii at Manoa cbaizeau@hawaii.edu Online Resource |
Originator |
Philip R. Thompson University of Hawaii Sea Level Rise Center (UHSLC) philiprt@hawaii.edu |
Publisher |
Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) info@pacioos.org Online Resource |
Dataset Point of Contact |
Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) info@pacioos.org |
General Documentation |
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Associated Documentation |
Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
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Date(s) |
creation:
2024-07-31
issued: 2024-07-31 revision: 2024-07-31 creation: 2024-07-31 issued: 2024-07-31 revision: 2024-07-31 creation: 2024-07-31 issued: 2024-07-31 revision: 2024-07-31 creation: 2024-07-31 issued: 2024-07-31 revision: 2024-07-31 |
Edition |
2.0 |
Purpose | PacIOOS provides timely, reliable, and accurate ocean information to support a safe, clean, productive ocean and resilient coastal zone in the U.S. Pacific Islands region. |
Use Limitations |
This data layer provides a scientific prediction of potential future conditions from flooding due to sea level rise. The methodology is based on published, peer-reviewed techniques. However, as with any forecast, accuracy cannot be guaranteed and actual impacts may vary from these predictions. While considerable effort has been made to implement all components in a thorough, correct, and accurate manner, errors are still possible. The results are provided without warranty of any kind. The risks associated with use or non-use of the results are assumed by the user. The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, State of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.
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Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates | N: -11.0480017523415° S: -14.559769090829° E: -168.140850541878° W: -171.089797256602° |
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Use Constraints |
This data layer provides a scientific prediction of potential future conditions from flooding due to sea level rise. The methodology is based on published, peer-reviewed techniques. However, as with any forecast, accuracy cannot be guaranteed and actual impacts may vary from these predictions. While considerable effort has been made to implement all components in a thorough, correct, and accurate manner, errors are still possible. The results are provided without warranty of any kind. The risks associated with use or non-use of the results are assumed by the user. The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, State of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.
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Lineage Statement | 2023-09-26T00:00:00Z Initial release (Version 1.0). 2024-07-31T00:00:00Z Data Update (Version 2.0): For improved accuracy, sea level rise inundation was recalculated using a newly released higher resolution digital elevation model (DEM) as its basis. Version 1.0 used a 2021 DEM with 1/9 arc-second resolution, except for Rose Atoll where a 2012 DEM with 1/3 arc-second resolution was used (NOAA/CIRES CUDEM). In contrast, Version 2.0 uses a NOAA National Geodetic Survey (NGS) 2022 lidar DEM with 1-meter resolution. Swains Island is now included in the Verison 2.0 results, but it and Rose Atoll do not include vertical land motion (VLM) in their estimates. All DEMs were leveled to mean sea level at 0 m (MSL=0) in 2005. |
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